Interview with Dr. Abed Akbari, an expert in international relations. By Azar Mahdavan from Tehran / Iran In the early hours of Monday, June 15, it was announced that Iran and the United States had reached a preliminary agreement. Yesterday, Masoud Pezeshkian, the President of Iran, and Donald Trump, the President of the United States, also finalized the signing of ...

Arabic Documents and Zulu Letters In this article, which examines some of the most striking diplomatic and personal correspondences in African history, the struggle of African leaders for freedom and independence can be seen. Among the earliest of these are, respectively, the letters of King Afonso I of Kongo to the King of Portugal (1526), George Washington Williams’ open letter ...

Rising Aspirations, Enduring Barriers By Mehmet Enes Beşer With this era of climate consciousness and responsible consumption, sustainable fashion is a global movement transforming how individuals perceive apparel. In Southeast Asia, where garment manufacturing and textile production are the drivers of economic growth and international supply chains, green and socially conscious fashion is gradually building momentum. Customers, especially young people ...

Speech of Syeda Ayesha Gardeza, Mazdoor Kisan Party (Workers and Farmers Party), Pakistan on the WAYU congress in Istanbul By Syeda Ayesha Gardeza, Mazdoor Kisan Party (Workers and Farmers Party), Pakistan – Responsible for Media and Information May 19th, 1919, is the date Mustafa Kemal Atatürk arrived in the northern Turkish city of Samsun to start the armed struggle against ...

Interview with Prof. Erenel from the Istinye University and Prof. Işıksal from the Near East University. The recently signed Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) between France and the Greek Cypriot Administration (GCA) has triggered sharp criticism from Turkish Cypriot and Turkish officials, who argue that the deal alters the military balance on the island and strengthens a growing French strategic ...

What would a real framework actually do? By Mehmet Enes Beşer The word “alliance” makes people twitchy—and with good reason. Alliances deter wars, sure. They also create them: lines get drawn, loyalty gets weaponized, and suddenly a local flare-up turns into a global “credibility” test. But the fact that alliances can go wrong doesn’t change the reality Eurasia is drifting ...

Russia is expected to continue strengthening its air defense and electronic warfare systems while simultaneously increasing pressure on Ukrainian military and industrial infrastructure. By Yıldıran Acar, Political Scientist As the Russia–Ukraine war enters its fifth year, both the geographical scope of the conflict and the methods used by the two sides continue to evolve. What was once largely associated with ...

For historians and analysts who always seek to explain events with methodological rigor, this war could be seen as marking the beginning of the end of the United States’ hegemonic power on the planet. In baseball slang, the dugout is the area where players, coaches, and authorized personnel who are not actively participating on the field rest. At the end ...

In order to understand why India’s industrial take-off has yet to happen, one must look beyond desire and into the machinery of the economy. By Mehmet Enes Beşer India is at the cusp of its economic journey. Its population surpassing China’s and with a median age close to 29, the country has huge potential to harvest its demographic dividend. Government ...

What is the latest situation regarding the issues discussed at the negotiation table? By Adem Kılıç, Political Scientist The war that began around Iran’s so-called nuclear program has, after more than 100 days, evolved into a broad struggle that calls security doctrines into question and shakes both regional power balances and the deterrence architecture of the international system. The developments ...